USDA’s Farm Service Agency (FSA) Offers Farm Bill Website
and Online Overview of Farm Bill Programs
Northwest Plains Integrated Pest Management
Thursday, March 13, 2014
Farm Bill Meetings
Several Regional and local farm bill meetings have been scheduled in order to decipher the new legislation. Current locations include: Lubbock (2), Amarillo (2), Clovis, Lamesa (2), Seminole, Muleshoe, and Plainview. See images below for more details.
Private Pesticide Applicator Training and Testing
A private pesticide applicator license is required if someone uses or supervises the use of restricted-use or state-limited-use pesticides or regulated herbicides to produce an agricultural crop on personally owned property, rented property, property owned by his or her employer, property under his or her general control, or the property of another person if applied without compensation, other than the trading of personal services between producers of agricultural commodities.
Individuals who want a Texas private applicator license must attend a private applicator training program offered by AgriLife Extension, pass the Texas Department of Agriculture private applicator exam, and purchase a license.
For more information or to obtain study materials early call AgriLife Extension at 806-272-4584.
Pre-plant Cotton Weed Management on the Texas Southern High Plains
Cotton Weed Management on the Texas
Southern High Plains
By
Peter Dotray Texas
A&M AgriLife Extension Service Wayne
Keeling, Texas A&M AgriLife Research
PREPLANT OPTIONS
One of the initial
“keys” to effective, season-long weed management is to start clean. In conventional tillage,
normal land preparation practices and herbicide incorporation, followed by a rod-weeder prior to planting
should provide a clean start for uniform crop emergence
and allow the crop to “get a head start” on the weeds. For growers
in some type of reduced or no-tillage system, the use of tillage is replaced by burn down herbicides prior to or at planting.
In this semiarid region,
there are plant back restrictions to be aware of to avoid crop damage after planting.
Below are a number of herbicide options labeled for
use preplant.
Roundup (glyphosate)
A
Group 9 herbicide based on the mode of action classification system of the Weed Science Society
of America. The following
information was obtained from the Roundup
PowerMax label (http://www.cdms.net/LDat/ld8CC010.pdf).
Use Instructions. This product
may be applied before, during or after planting cotton,
but prior to crop
emergence (unless it’s a Roundup Ready or Glytol cotton variety).
Tank Mixtures. This product
may be tank-mixed with 2,4-D, Valor,
and FirstShot prior
to planting (see restrictions on the 2,4-D,
Valor, and FirstShot label). This product
may also be tank-mixed with several herbicides and applied prior
to emergence (see preemergence section) or postemergence (see postemergence
section). Normal use rates of this
product are 22 to 32 ounces.
Allow at least
1 to 2 weeks from application before any tillage operation
is used to ensure adequate
uptake and
translocation.
2,4-D (a group 4
herbicide)
Specific time, rate, and irrigation restrictions are essentially impossible to find on 2,4-D labels.
In general, applications made prior
to March 1 with any moisture accumulation (0.5 inches) should
be enough to effectively dissipate
the herbicide prior to planting. According
to the Weed Management in Texas Cotton guide (ESC-008,
3/14), wait a minimum
of 30 days following the application and a minimum
of 1 inch rainfall or irrigation within a 24 hr period. A “normal
use rate” of 2,4-D formulated at 4 pounds per gallon is 1 to 2 pints per acre. 2,4-D + glyphosate is an effective
preplant burndown treatment to control winter weeds.
Clarity
According to the Clarity
label (http://www.cdms.net/LDat/ld797012.pdf), do
not make
applications in
regions with less than 25 inches of average annual precipitation.
Valor (flumioxazin, group 14 herbicide)
According to the Valor label (http://www.cdms.net/LDat/ld3LL041.pdf), apply up to 2 ounces of product plus a tank mix partner (glyphosate) if weeds have emerged.
Thirty days and 1 inch of rainfall
or overhead irrigation must occur between application and planting in conventional tillage
(21 days in no-till or strip-till when 1.5 to 2 ounces of product
is used, or 14 days if 1 ounce is used).
Include MSO or crop oil concentrate (COC).
Firstshot
(thifensulfuron + tribenuron)
According to the FirstShot
label (http://www.cdms.net/LDat/ld87I008.pdf ), apply 0.5 to 0.8 ounce/A
as a burndown treatment
to control emerged weeds
prior to planting
or 0.5 to 0.6 ounce/A
when used in tank mixture with other herbicides like glyphosate or 2,4-D. There
is a 14 day interval
between application and planting. An additional 7 days must be added when used on light textured soils
(sands, loamy sands and sandy loams). An additional 7 days must be extended when used on high
pH soils (>7.9).
PREPLANT
INCORPORATED OPTIONS
Trifluralin
The following information was found in the Trifluralin 4 EC Herbicide
label by Helena Chemical
Company (http://www.cdms.net/LDat/ld4AR000.pdf). Trifluralin may be applied
using water liquid
fertilizer as the carrier,
or impregnated on dry bulk fertilizer. Broadcast
application rates range from 1 to 2 pints/A
and are based on soil texture (1 to 1.5 pints in coarse soils, 1.5 to 2 pints in medium soils, 2 pints in fine soils). Use higher rates within the rate range where greater weed populations are anticipated. To prevent
loss of herbicidal activity, it must be incorporated within 24 hours
after application.
The soil surface should be smooth to allow for uniform application and incorporation. Apply when the soil moisture is sufficient to allow the breakup of large clods and uniform
mixing during the incorporation process. Soil compaction and/or non-uniform incorporation may occur if the soil is excessively
moist.
In
a soil bedding culture, trifluralin should be incorporated 2 to 3 inches in the final seedbed. If the
application is made prior
to bedding, apply
and incorporate one
time with recommended equipment. The bedding operation serves as the second incorporation. Do not expose
untreated soil during
post- bedding operations such as planting
since removal of treated
soil during planting
may allow weed seed germination and establishment in the drill row. When applications are made after bedding, knock
off the beds to planting
height before application, and incorporate with recommended equipment that will
conform to the shape of the bed.
Again, do not expose untreated soil.
Use incorporation equipment capable of uniformly mixing the herbicide into the top 2 to 3 inches of the final seedbed. Improper incorporation may result in erratic
weed control and/or crop injury.
Incorporation equipment
will mix Trifluralin 4 EC approximately half as deep as the equipment
is set of operate. For example,
a disc set to cut four inches deep will mix the herbicide within
the top two inches of soil.
A
tandem disc should
be set to cut 4 to 6 inches and run at 4 to 6 MPH. A field
cultivator should be set
to cut 3 to 4 inches and operated at a minimum of 5 MPH. A rolling
cultivator should be set to cut 2 to 4 inches and run at 6 to 8 MPH. Rolling cultivators are adequate for use on coarse and medium soils. With most equipment
and methods of application, a second incorporation is required and may occur any
time before planting. The
second incorporation should be in a different direction, and to avoid bringing
untreated soil to the surface, should not be deeper than the first. No information is listed for stalk cutters, which suggests that these are questionable implements for herbicide
incorporation.
Apply and incorporate after
January 1 when soil can be worked
and is in a condition which allows
thorough mixing to insure
uniform incorporation. Ground
cover, such as crop residues
and existing weeds,
can interfere with uniform soil
incorporation. A manageable level
of ground cover
will allow uniform
incorporation into the top 2 to 3 inches of soil. Excessive
ground cover and crop residues should be reduced by appropriate soil tillage prior to application. Break up clods using tillage equipment
prior to application.
Spread the fertilizer/chemical mixture with properly
calibrated application equipment. Be certain the material
is applied uniformly to the soil surface.
Trifluralin 4 EC should be incorporated 2 times with impregnated on dry bulk fertilizer. The first incorporated should occur within 24 hours after application. The second application should be delayed
3 to 5 days after
the first and be completed prior to planting.
Trifluralin 4 EC may be applied by chemigation. Apply in sprinkler irrigation equal to 0.5 to 1 inch of water. Our experience suggests that a minimum
of 1 inch of water should be used.
Prowl (pendimethalin)
The following information was obtained from the Prowl 3.3 EC label (http://www.cdms.net/LDat/ld867008.pdf). Prowl 3.3 EC may be applied by ground or air and subsequent must take place within 7 days after application by rainfall, sprinkler irrigation, or mechanical tillage
prior to weed seedling emergence. Use rates range
from 1.2 to 4.8 pints/A
depending on soil texture and tillage (conventional or minimum
tillage: 1.2 to 2.4 pints/A
in coarse soils,
1.8 to 2.4 pints/A in medium
soils, 2.4 to 3.6 pints/A
in fine soils;
No-tillage: 1.8 to 2.4 pints/A
in coarse soils, 2.4 to 3.6 pints/A
in medium soils, 3.6 to 4.8 pints/A in fine soils).
Incorporate into the upper 1 to 2 inches of soil up to 60 days before planting. Water or sprayable fluid
fertilizer (such as 32-0-0 or 28-0-0) may be used as the carrier.
Apply using 10 or more GPA water or 20 or more GPA liquid fertilizer (or 5 or more GPA by air). Prowl 3.3 EC may also be impregnated on dry bulk fertilizer. Use an implement capable
of giving uniform incorporation. For surface incorporation, uniformly apply
as a broadcast or banded
treatment and incorporate within
7 days using 1 to 2 inches
using sprinkler irrigation or shallow mechanical incorporation. A two-pass incorporation usually results in a more consistent result.
For use in minimum
tillage or no-tillage systems, apply Prowl 3.3 EC alone or in tank mixes up to 45 days before planting. Prowl
H2O (http://www.cdms.net/LDat/ld6CT007.pdf) may be preplant surface applied
up to 15 days prior
to planting, up to 60 days prior
to planting and incorporation, and applied via chemigation. Rates range between
1 to 4 pints/A depending
on soil texture and tillage.
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